The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Mixed Probiotic Supplementation on SMOC-1 Gene Expression, Insulin Resistance, and Blood Glucose in Male Rats With Induced Diabetes.

Abstract

In this study, we investigated whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and mixed probiotic consumption, either autonomously or synergistically, could regulate the expression of calcium-binding protein-1 (SMOC-1), insulin resistance (IR), and blood glucose (BG) in male rats with induced diabetes. Thirty healthy male Wistar rats, aged about 8 weeks, were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each, including control group (C, 1G), diabetic control group (CD, 2G), probiotic supplement group (Pro, 3G), HIIT group (Ex, 4G), and HIIT and probiotic supplement group (Pro + Ex, 5G). Each strain of the mixed probiotic supplement, containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (PTCC1637), Lactobacillus reuteri , and Lactococcus casei enriched with L-cysteine HCl, was administered at a concentration of 10 10 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter to Groups 3G and 5G. Groups 4G and 5G underwent HIIT to evaluate the effect of supplementation and HIIT on SMOC-1, IR, and BG. Mixed probiotics and HIIT did not affect SMOC-1 expression in liver muscle ( η 2 = 0.00, p = 0.965, F (1, 15) = 0.002); however, they synergistically lowered IR ( η 2 = 0.23, p = 0.048, F (1, 15) = 4.65) and BG ( η 2 = 0.32, p = 0.013, F (1, 15) = 7.79). We found no significant effect of mixed probiotic supplementation or its combination with HIIT on SMOC-1. Notably, the HIIT and mixed probiotics reduced IR and BG. Future studies can help assess the accurate synergistic effects of HIIT and mixed probiotics.