Efficacy of Plant-Based Iron and Vitamin C in Adults With Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study.

Abstract

Background Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common nutritional disorder marked by low hemoglobin and impaired oxygen transport, leading to fatigue and reduced quality of life. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of two plant-based iron formulations in adults with IDA. Plant-based iron supplements were investigated to overcome some of the shortcomings of conventional synthetic iron formulations, which are often associated with gastrointestinal intolerance, poor absorption, and oxidative stress. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 96 adults (males and non-pregnant, non-lactating females) aged 26-55 years with hemoglobin levels between 8-11 mg/dL. Participants were assigned to one of three groups for 60 days as follows: group A received 18 mg of plant-based iron from Murraya koenigii (Orgen-I) and 90 mg of vitamin C from Phyllanthus emblica (Orgen-C), group B received 18 mg of plant-based iron alone, and group C received a placebo. Hematological and biochemical markers, hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, RBC count, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were measured at baseline and post-intervention. Results Both treatment groups showed significant hemoglobin improvement compared to placebo (p<0.001), with greater efficacy in the combination group. Serum iron and ferritin levels increased, but not significantly (p>0.05). Transferrin levels significantly decreased (p<0.0001), RBC counts increased (p<0.05), and SOD levels improved without statistical significance (p>0.05). No adverse events occurred, and participants reported improved energy and quality of life. Conclusions Plant-based iron supplementation, especially with vitamin C, is shown to be effective and safe in improving hematological parameters in those with IDA. Furthermore, participants reported an improved quality of life, suggesting increased gut tolerability of plant-based iron. These findings support its use as a natural option for anemia management.